Metals in the Hydrocycle [Paperback]

1 Introduction.- 2 Interactions with Ligands, Particulate Matter and Organisms.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Metal Ions in Aquatic Systems.- 2.3 Speciation of Dissolved Metals.- 2.3.1 Physical Separation.- 2.3.2 ASV-Labile Species.- 2.3.3 Ion-Exchange Methods.- 2.3.4 Speciation Schemes.- 2.4 Interaction with Ligands.- 2.5 Interaction with Particulate Matter.- 2.5.1 Sorption Processes.- 2.5.2 Mechanisms.- 2.5.3 Sorption on Metal Oxides and Organic Substances.- 2.5.4 Sorption of Metal-Organic Complexes.- 2.5.5 Interactions in Natural Systems.- 2.6 Solid Speciation.- 2.7 Metal Interaction with Organisms.- 2.7.1 Metal Uptake by Organisms.- 2.7.2 Solid Speciation and Bioavailability.- 2.7.3 Transformation of Metal by Organisms.- 3 Sediments and the Transport of Metals.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Composition of Sediments.- 3.3 Transport of Sediments.- 3.4 Distribution and Deposition.- 3.5 Grain Size Effects.- 3.6 Anthropogenic Influences on Metal Concentrations in Sediments.- 3.6.1 Background Concentrations.- 3.6.2 Sediment Core Studies.- 3.6.3 Quantification of Environmental Impact.- 3.7 Early Diagenesis of Trace Metal Compounds in Sediments.- 3.7.1 Sampling of Interstitial Waters.- 3.7.2 Diagenetic Environments.- 3.7.3 Diagenetic Mobilization of Trace Metals.- 4 Metals in the Atmosphere.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Natural and Anthropogenic Emissions of Trace Metals.- 4.3 Atmospheric Particles.- 4.4 Deposition of Atmospheric Particles.- 4.5 Metal Concentrations in Urban, Rural and Remote Atmospheres.- 4.6 Environmental Impact of Airborne Trace Metals.- 4.6.1 Terrestrial Ecosystems..- 4.6.2 The Arctic and Antarctic Aerosol.- 4.6.2.1 Concentrations in Arctic and Antarctic Areas.- 4.6.2.2 Seasonal Changes.- 4.6.2.3 Origin of the Arctic Aerosol.- 4.6.3 Metals in the Oceanic Aerosol: Continental or Ocean Derived?.- 4.6.3.1 Formation of the Oceanic Aerosol.- 4.6.3.2 Sea Surface Microlayer.- 4.6.3.3 Composition of the Oceanic Aerosol.- 5 Metals in Continental Waters.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5lG