I. Morphology of the Temporo-Medial Region.- 1. Phylogenetic Aspects.- 2. Surgical Topography.- 3. Microsurgical Anatomy.- 3.1. Cisternal Relationships.- 3.2. Vascular Relationships.- 3.2.1. Arteries of the Temporo-Medial Region.- 3.2.2. Veins of the Temporo-Medial Region.- II. Clinical Aspects of Temporo-Medial Lesions.- 1. Epileptic Seizures.- 1.1. Ictal Symptoms...- 1.2. Grouped Symptoms.- 1.2.1. First Step: Nature of the Episodes.- 1.2.2. Second Step: Lateralisation.- 1.2.3. Third Step: Origin of CPS.- 1.2.4. Fourth Step: Spread of CPS.- 2. Memory and Learning.- 2.1. Non-Invasive Testing.- 2.2. Invasive Testing.- 3. Mental Changes.- 4. Ocular Signs.- III. Neuroimaging of Temporo-Medial Lesions.- 1. Computerized Tomography (CT).- 2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR).- 3. Angiography.- IV. Functional Evaluation.- 1. Electrophysiological Evaluation..- 2. Functional Imaging.- V. Presurgical Evaluation Protocol.- VI. Surgery of the Temporo-Medial Region.- 1. Indication.- 2. Surgical Approaches.- 2.1. Trans-sulcal Approach.- 2.2. Inferior Temporal Approach.- 2.3. Retroinsular Transventricular Approach.- 2.3.1. Positioning of the Head.- 2.3.2. Skin Incision and Craniotomy.- 2.3.3. Opening of the Basal Cisterns.- 2.3.4. Opening of the Sylvian Cistern.- 2.3.5. Retrosylvian Exploration.- 2.3.6. Intraventricular Dissection.- 2.4. Interhemispheric Transatrial Approach.- 2.4.1. Positioning of the Head.- 2.4.2. Skin Incision and Craniotomy.- 2.4.3. Interhemispheric Exploration.- 2.4.4. Opening of the Ventricular Atrium.- 2.4.5. Atrial Exploration.- 3. Planning of the Surgical Approach.- 3.1. Planning Surgery on CT.- 3.1.1. Basal Compartment.- 3.1.2. Dorsal Compartment.- 3.2. Planning Surgery on MR.- 3.2.1. Microsurgical Landmarks.- 3.2.2. Functional Component of the Lesion.- 3.2.3. Invisible Structures.- 3.2.4. Simulation of the Operative View.- VII. Outcome of Surgery.- 1. Complications.- 2. Seizures.- 3. Psychosocial Adaptation.- VIII. Neuropathological Aspects.- IX. Conclusiló