This book discusses the science and technology of tunneling for the 21stCentury. It includes topics related to planning, geological and environmental investigations, as well as the maintenance and the longevity of tunnels.Part I: Keynote Lectures 1. Safety Aspects of the L?tschberg Railway Tunnel & Mont-Blanc Road Tunnel 2. On the fundamental mechanism of tunneling 3. Flexible Response to Difficult Ground and Controlled Tunnelling Technology 4. Design Method of Shield Tunnel -Present Status and Subjects 5. The Rehabilitation of Tunnel Structures 6. Underground Space Networks in the 21st Century: New Infrastructure with Modal Shift Technology and Geotechnology Part II: Mechanism of tunneling 7. Optimal shape of underground structure 8. An approximate solution for the stresses on a rigid tunnel 9. Surface displacements due to pressure modifications induced by tunnels 10. Short and long-term load conditions for tunnels in low permeability ground in the framework of the convergence-confinement method 11. 3-D FEM Analysis for Layered Rock Considering Anisotropy of Shear Strength 12. A consideration on apparent cohesion of unsaturated sandy soil 13. Identification of the soil parameters in the analysis of a shallow tunnel 14. A simple technique to improve the prediction of surface displacement profiles due to shallow tunnel construction 15. Numerical modeling of a nonlinear deformational behavior of a tunnel with shallow depth 16. Prediction of ground settlements due to tunneling in clayey soils using advanced constitutive soil models: a numerical study 17. Analysis of Three-dimensional Effect of Tunnel Face Stability on Sandy Ground with a Clay Layer by the Three-dimensional Rigid Plastic Finite Element Method 18. Hydraulic conductivity change around tunnel due to excavation 19. Displacement measurement in a two-dimensional tunneling experiment. 20. Centrifugal model test on the clay arching 21. Arching effects on the deformation of sandy ground indulÃF