This is a full-scale study that explores every aspect of money in Europe and the Middle Ages.This is a full-scale, broadly spanning, study of the history of money in every aspect from mining to the banking industry. Spufford offers a detailed picture of the many and changing roles played by money in Europe and the Middle Ages as well as the results of war and trade and other political, economic and ecclesiastical activities.This is a full-scale, broadly spanning, study of the history of money in every aspect from mining to the banking industry. Spufford offers a detailed picture of the many and changing roles played by money in Europe and the Middle Ages as well as the results of war and trade and other political, economic and ecclesiastical activities.This is a full-scale study of the history of money, not merely of coinage, to have been written for medieval Europe. The book is not limited to one country, or to any one period or theme, but extracts the most important elements for the historian across the broadest possible canvas. Its scope extends from the mining of precious metals on the one hand, to banking, including the use of cheques and bills of exchange, on the other. Chapters are arranged chronologically, rather than regionally or thematically, and offer a detailed picture of the many and changing roles played by money, in all its forms, in all parts of Europe throughout the Middle Ages. Thus money is seen as having differing values for differing parts of individual societies. The book shows money moving and changing as a result of war and trade and other political, economic and ecclesiastical activities without regard for national barriers or the supposed separation between 'East' and 'West'.List of maps; List of tables; List of graphs; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Part I. Before the Commercial Revolution: 1. Roman-Barbarian discontinuity; 2. The appearance of the denier and the revival of trade; 3. 'Feudal' deniers and 'Viking' dirhams; 4. Saxon silverl#