Negotiating Rites [Paperback]

In common understanding, but also in scholarly discourse, ritual has been long viewed as an undisputed and indisputable part of (especially religious) tradition, performed over and over in the same ways: stable in form, meaningless, preconcieved, and with the aim of creating harmony and enabling a tradition's survival. The authors represented in this collection argue, however, that these assumptions can be seriously challenged.

Not only are rituals frequently disputed, they also constitute a field in which vital and sometimes even violent negotiations take place. Negotiations - here understood as processes of interaction during which differing positions are debated and/or acted out - are ubiquitous in ritual contexts, either in relation to the ritual itself, or in relation to the realm beyond any given ritual performance. The authors contend that a central feature of ritual is its embeddedness in negotiation processes and that life beyond the ritual frame often is negotiated in the field of rituals. This point of view opens up fruitful new perspectives on ritual procedures, on the interactions that constitute these procedures, and on the contexts in which they are embedded. By explicitly addressing and theorizing the relevance of negotiation in the world of ritual, the essays in this volume seek to persuade scholars and students alike to think differently and to find new starting points for more nuanced discussions.

Introduction
Ute H?sken and Frank Neubert

PART ONE - SHARING A WORLD
1. Negotiating Karma: Penance in Classical Indian Law Books
Mikael Aktor
2. Negotiations at Death: Assessing Gifts, Mothers and Marriages
Erik de Maaker
3. The Clitoris Is Indeed Your Sweet : Negotiating Gender Roles in the Ritual Setting of the Swahili New Year's Festival
Magnus Echtler
4. Ritual Negotiations in Lutherland
Barry Stephenson
5. Negotiating Rites in Imperial China: The Case of Northern Song Court Ritual Debates from 1034l]