The guidance and special techniques provided in this handbook will allow you to understand and use complex spatial statistical techniques. You will learn how to apply proper spatial analysis techniques and why they are generally different from conventional statistical analyses. Clear and concise information on weighting, aggregation effects, sampling, spatial statistics and GIS, and visualization of spatial dependence is provided. Discussions on specific applications using actual data sets fill obvious gaps in the literature, and coverage of critical research frontiers allows readers to explore current areas of active research.Introduction: The Need for Spatial Statistics, D.A. Griffith Components of Geographic Information and Analysis Background: The Importance of Locational Information Background: Statistical Estimator Properties Organization of the Book Summary References Visualization of Spatial Dependence: An Elementary View of Spatial Autocorrelation, I.R. Vasiliev Editorial Note Introduction The Spatial Mean and Other Basic Concepts Spatial Autocorrelation Map Complexity Map Representations of Changes in Space and Time Summary: Rules-of-Thumb for Spatial Autocorrelation References Spatial Sampling, S.V. Stehman and W.S. Overton Introduction Spatial Universes and Populations Sampling Fundamentals Sampling a Continuous Universe Sampling Spatially Distributed Objects via Areal Samples of the Continuous Universe Inference in Spatial Sampling Applications of Spatial Sampling Empirical Evaluation of Sampling Strategies Summary References Some Guidelines for Specifying the Geopraphic Weights Matrix Contained in Spatial Statistical Models, D.A. Griffith Introduction Background Evaluation Criteria Rules-of-Thumb Implications References Aggregation Effects in Geo-Referenced l#,