Principles and Applications of Photochemistry [Paperback]

A modern introduction to photochemistry covering the principles and applications of this topic from both a physical chemistry and organic chemistry angle. Coverage ranges from subjects such as lasers, the atmosphere, biochemistry, medicine and industry and also includes the latest developments in relation to photochemical molecular machines, photodynamic therapy applied to cancer, photochromatic imaging, and photostabilizers. Little in the way of prior knowledge is assumed, and the reader is aided by numerous worked examples, learning objectives, chapter summaries and problems.

Preface xiii

1 Introductory Concepts 1

Aims and Objectives 1

1.1 The Quantum Nature of Matter and Light 2

1.2 Modelling Atoms: Atomic Orbitals 6

1.3 Modelling Molecules: Molecular Orbitals 9

1.4 Modelling Molecules: Electronic States 13

1.5 Light Sources Used in Photochemistry 16

1.6 Efficiency of Photochemical Processes: Quantum Yield 25

2 Light Absorption and Electronically-excited States 29

Aims and Objectives 29

2.1 Introduction 29

2.2 The Beer–Lambert Law 30

2.3 The Physical Basis of Light Absorption by Molecules 32

2.4 Absorption of Light by Organic Molecules 35

2.5 Linearly-conjugated Molecules 39

2.6 Some Selection Rules 42

2.7 Absorption of Light by Inorganic Complexes 43

3 The Physical Deactivation of Excited States 47

Aims and Objectives 47

3.1 Introduction 47

3.2 Jablonski Diagrams 49

3.3 Excited-state Lifetimes 53

4 Radiative Processes of Excited States 59

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