Leading heart surgeons (including the President of the RoyalCollege of Surgeons) bridge the ever-widening gap betweenthe student (both pre- and post-graduate) and an increas-ingly remote group of medical and surgical specialists inthis , the only book devoted entirely to the establishedprinciples of cardiac diagnosis.Leading heart surgeons (including the President of the RoyalCollege of Surgeons) bridge the ever-widening gap betweenthe student (both pre- and post-graduate) and an increas-ingly remote group of medical and surgical specialists inthis , the only book devoted entirely to the establishedprinciples of cardiac diagnosis.1 Introduction and Historical Background.- Historical Background.- 2 Anatomical and Physiological Considerations.- Anatomical Features.- Elementary Haemodynamics.- Pulmonary Hypertension.- Pressure Relationships in the Cardiovascular System.- Effects of Obstruction and Regurgitation in the Cardiovascular System.- 3 Clinical Aspects of Cardiac Diagnosis.- Classification of Surgical Heart Disease.- History.- Functional Capacity.- Family and Past History.- Physical Examination.- General.- The Cardiovascular System.- Special Considerations in Infants and Young Children.- 4 Special Investigations.- Chest Radiography.- The Bony Cage.- The Cardiac Outline.- The Lateral Chest Radiograph.- The Lung Fields.- Areas of Calcification.- Electrocardiography.- Disturbance of Rhythm.- Cardiac Hypertrophy.- Myocardial Ischaemia.- Morphological Diagnosis.- Phonocardiography.- Echocardiography.- Radionuclide Studies.- Computed Tomography.- Positron Emission Tomography.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging.- Cardiac Catheterisation and Angiography.- Right Heart Catheterisation.- Left Heart Catheterisation.- Angiography.- Interventional Cardiac Catheterisation.- 5 Temporary Support of the Circulation.- Pharmacological Support.- Mechanical Support.- Principles of Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- Long-Term Circulatory Support.- ExtralCo