Electrophoretic Techniques. Field-Inversion Gel Electrophoresis. Resolving Multi-megabase DNA Molecules Using Contour-Clamped Homogeneous Electric Fields (CHEF). Separation and Size-Determination of DNA over a 10-200 kbp Range. PFGE Using Double-Inhomogeneous Fields or Orthogonal Field-Alternating Gel Electrophoresis (OFAGE). Transverse Alternating-Field Electrophoresis. Rotating Field Gel Electrophoresis (ROFE). Preparation, Manipulation, and Pulse Strategy for One-Dimensional Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (ODPFGE). Auxiliary Methods. Preparation, Restriction, and Hybridization Analysis of Mammalian Genomic DNA for Pulsed-Field Electrophoresis. Encapsulation of Cells in Agarose Beads. Preparation and Separation of Intact Chromosomes of Vertebrates by One-Dimensional Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (ODPFGE). Isolation of Plant DNA for Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Methyltransferases as Tools to Alter the Specificity of Restriction Endonucleases. Desktop Digital Imaging: Application to Detection of Length Heterogeneity After Hyperresonant Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis of Mature Bacteriophage P22 DNA. Biological Applications. Bacterial Genome Mapping by Two-Dimensional Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (2D-PFGE). Protozoan Genomes: Karyotype Analysis, Chromosome Structure, and Chromosome Specific Libraries. Construction of Yeast Artificial Chromosome Libraries by Pulsed-Field Gel Strategies for Mapping Large Regions of Mammalian Genomes. Two-Dimensional DNA Electrophoresis (2D-DE) for Mammalian DNA. Pulsed-Field and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis of Long Arrays of Tandemly from Large PFGE Fragments. In-Gel Detection of DNA: Application to Study of Viral DNA Metabolism by Use of Pulsed-Field Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. Theories and Observations. Theories of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. The Dynamics of DNA Gel Electrophoresis. Orientation of the Agarose Matrix by Pulsed Electric Fields. Reptation Theory of Pulsed Electrophoresis and Trapping ElectrolM