Pyridazine and Pyrazine Rings (Cinnolines, Phthalazines, and Quinoxalines) [Hardcover]

The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, since its inception, has been recognized as a cornerstone of heterocyclic chemistry. Each volume attempts to discuss all aspects – properties, synthesis, reactions, physiological and industrial significance – of a specific ring system. To keep the series up-to-date, supplementary volumes covering the recent literature on each individual ring system have been published. Many ring systems (such as pyridines and oxazoles) are treated in distinct books, each consisting of separate volumes or parts dealing with different individual topics. With all authors are recognized authorities, the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Chemistry is considered worldwide as the indispensable resource for organic, bioorganic, and medicinal chemists.

Preface ix

Part I. Ginnolines

I. General Introduction to Cinnoline Derivatives. Preparation and Properties of Cinnoline 3

1. General Introduction to Cinnoline Derivatives 3

2. Preparation and Properties of Cinnoline 4

II. 4-Aryl-, 4-Acyl-, and 4-Carboxycinnolines 6

1. 4-Arylcinnolines 6

2. 4-Acylcinnolines 11

3. 4-Carboxycinnolines (Cinnoline-4-carboxylic Acids) 11

III. 4-Methylcinnolines 13

IV. 4-Hydroxycinnolines 16

1. Methods of Preparation 16

A. Richter Synthesis 16

B. Pfannstiel and Janecke Synthesis 17

C. Borsche Synthesis 17

2. Properties 23

A. 4-Hydroxycinnolines Other Than 4-IIydroxycinnoiine-3-carboxylic Acids 23

B. 4-Hydroxycinnoline-3-carboxylic Acids 24

V. 4-Chloro-, 4-Alkoxy-, and 4-PhenoxycinnolÃ*