Refractories for Aluminum Electrolysis and the Cast House [Paperback]

This book details the rigorous requirements for refractories designed for aluminium metallurgical processes: reduction, cast house, and anode production. The author describes requirements specific to the properties and structure of refractory materials that differentiate it from materials used for ferrous metallurgy, among others. A comparison is drawn between the properties and structure of refractories and carbon cathode materials from different  points of view: from the perspective of physical chemistry and chemical interactions during the metallurgical process and from the aspect of designing reduction pots and furnaces to accommodate the lifetime of metallurgical aggregates that are a part of aluminum refractory processes.Preface Glossary 1. The properties of refractory and heat insulation materials 1.1 Classification. Some words about quality control 1.2 Density, porosity and related characteristics. The types of porosity. 1.3 Mechanical characteristics 1.4 Thermo mechanical characteristics 1.5 Thermal conductivity and related characteristics 1.6 Thermal expansion, thermal strains and thermal shock resistance 1.7 Corrosion resistance 2 Refractories and carbon cathode materials for aluminium reduction cells 2.1 Reduction of aluminium. Elements of reduction technology. The main controlled parameters of reduction (electrolysis). Elements of energy balance and heat balance of reduction cell. Reduction shop. Types of reduction cells 2.2 Lining of reduction cells. The pre heating, the start up and operation. Retrofit of cells and tendencies. The mains causes of failures. Dry autopsies. 2.3 Cathode carbon bottom blocks. 2.3.1 Types and properties. 2.3.2 Elements of technology, raw materials and processing 2.3.3 Defects in carbon cathode blocks 2.3.4 Testing and characterization 2.3.5 Some words on grades of carbon cathode blocks 2.3.6 Some words on structure of carbon cathode blocks in connection with grain size composition, sintering and pore size structurel3P