This study aims to show that current thinking about the role of resources in war, and as a component of military potential in peacetime, relies on notions derived from historical experience and changes in the nature of warfare, not least the advent of nuclear weapons.Part 1 Developments to 1945: resources and strategy to 1914; resources access and denial in World War I and II. Part 2 Developments since 1945 - resources and strategy in the nuclear age: resource issues and strategic planning, 1945-1973; oil and strategic planning since 1973; strategic minerals revisited; resource issues and and the East-West strategic relationship; contemporary issues in historical perspective.