This special issue ponders a detailed and contemporary analysis of the theoretical underpinnings of short-term and working memory. Articles focus on short-term memory for phonological, semantic, and spatial material, on executive function and on short-term forgetting. The empirical perspectives include the neuroimaging of short-term memory, short-term memory development and the neuropsychology and neurobiology of memory, in addition to laboratory-based experimental studies. Together, these articles identify significant current models and approaches to short-term and working memory, providing a broad set of perspectives which illustrate the wide impact of working memory on the understanding of human cognition.P.J. Barnard, S.K. Scott, J. May,When the Central Executive Lets Us Down: Schemas, Attention and Load in a Generative Working Memory Task. M. Sebastian, J. Menor, Rosa Elosua,Errors in Short-term Forgetting in AD and Aging. L. Henry,How Does the Severity of a Learning Disability Affect Working Memory Performance? F. Collette, S. Majerus, M. Van Der Linden, P. Dabe, C. Degueldre, G. Delfiore, A. Luxen, E. Salmon,Contribution of Lexico-semantic Processes to Verbal Short-term Memory Tasks: A PET Activation Study. R.C. Martin, M.L. Freedman,Short-term Retention of Lexical-semantic Representations: Implications For Speech Production. A. Lian, P.J. Karlsen, B. Winsvold,A Reevaluation of the Phonological Similarity Effect in Adult's Short-term Memory of Words and Nonwords. J.M. Rouder, P. Gomez,Modelling Serial Position Curves With Temporal Distinctiveness. S. Saito,The Phonological Loop and Memory For Rhythms: An Individual Differences Approach. S. Tremblay, W.J. Macken, D.M. Jones,The Impact of Broadband Noise on Serial Memory: Changes in Band-pass Frequency Increase Disruption. G. Tehan, L. Hendry, D. Kocinski,Word Lels$