Solidification The Separation Theory and its Practical Applications [Paperback]

1 The formation of cast structures.- 1.1 The macro structure of cast metal.- 1.2 Separation theory.- 1.2.1 Principal mechanism of the formation of equiaxed zone.- 1.2.2 Research motives.- 1.2.3 Precipitation of crystals along the mould wall.- 1.2.4 In-situ observations of the solidification phenomenon.- 1.2.5 Formation of the equiaxed zone.- 1.2.6 Separation theory and free chill crystal theory.- 1.2.7 Origin of showering crystals caused by cooling of the molten metal surface.- 1.2.8 Confirmation of the separation theory.- 1.3 Origin of the formation of equiaxed crystals.- 1.4 Formation and separation of equiaxed crystals.- 1.4.1 Growth of crystals on the mould wall.- 1.4.2 Growth of necked-shape crystals.- 1.4.3 Separation and multiplication of crystals.- 2 Controlling the macro structure of cast metals.- 2.1 Equiaxed crystal structure.- 2.1.1 Crystal grain refiners.- 2.1.2 Mould cooling capacity.- 2.1.3 Mould properties.- 2.1.4 Vibration.- 2.1.5 Stirring.- 2.1.6 Pouring temperature.- 2.2 Columnar structure.- 2.2.1 Unidirectional solidification.- 3 Application of the separation theory.- 3.1 Formation of the macro structure of eutectic alloys.- 3.1.1 Primary crystal distribution and equiaxed eutectic grains.- 3.1.2 Eutectic leading phase.- 3.1.3 Refining of equiaxed eutectic grains.- 3.1.4 Separation of eutectic grains from the mould wall.- 3.2 Solidification of cast iron and the creation of an inverse chill structure.- 3.3 Spherical graphite cast iron and the separation theory.- 3.4 Separation theory and macrosegregation.- 3.4.1 Normal segregation.- 3.4.2 Inverse segregation.- 3.4.3 String segregation.- 3.4.4 Band segregation.- 3.4.5 Gravity segregation.- 3.5 Separation theory and the O.C.C. Process.- Conclusion.- References.Springer Book Archives