This book deals with the theoretical implications of the changing nature of the European Member states and with the concept of new regionalism. Not only does it explore the historical and philosophical background of democracy in various countries, but also it offers an exposition of the institutional expression of democracy at different levels. In addition, it examines the role of pressure groups, policy networks, and political parties; includes a survey of critiques of sub-national democracy; and examines innovative approaches to improving regional and local democracy.
1. Introduction: the Transformation of the Democratic State in Western Europe,John Loughlin PART ONETHE ANGLO-SAXON TRADITION 2. The United Kingdom: from Hypercentralization to Devolution,John Loughlin 3. 3. Ireland: from colonized nation to 'Celtic Tiger',John Loughlin PART TWOTHE GERMANIC TRADITION 4. Germany: Federalism under strain,Udo Bullmann 5. Austria: the end of Proportional Government?,Udo Bullmann 6. The Netherlands: Reinventing Tradition in Regional and Local Democracy,Frank Hendriks 7. Luxembourg: Change and Continuities in the Local State,Frank Hendriks PART THREETHE NAPOLEONIC TRADITION 8. France: between Centralization and fragmentation,John Loughlin 9. Italy: the Crisis of the Second Republic,John Loughlin 10. Spain: Nation, Nationalities, and regions,Eliseo Aja 11. Portugal: the difficulties of regionalization,John Loughlin 12. Greece: Between 'henosis' and decentralization,John Loughlin 13. Belgium: Federalism and Subnational Democracy in a Divided Country,Frank Hendriks PART THREETHE SCANDINAVIAN TRADITION 14. Sweden: the end of the 'Swedish Model'?,Anders Lidstrom 15. Denmark: between Scandivnian democracy and neo-liberalism,
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