The Tax Law of Associations [Paperback]

The Tax Law of Associations summarizes the law concerning acquisition and maintenance of associations' tax exemption. It explores various other bodies of tax law applicable to exempt associations, including the private inurement doctrine, the intermediate sanctions rules, the lobbying rules, and the unrelated business restrictions. Coverage also includes: the political activities rules, including the use of political action committees by associations; associations' use of for-profit subsidiaries; supporting organizations; involvement in partnerships and other joint ventures; as well as charitable giving and fundraising rules.

Preface xxiii

Chapter One Associations, Society, and the Tax Law 1

§1.1 Introduction to Associations 2

§1.2 History and Evolution of Associations 4

§1.3 Role of Associations in Society 6

§1.4 Rationales for Associations’ Tax Exemption 8

§1.5 Forms of Associations 10

§1.6 Other Exempt Associations : A Comparative Analysis 10

§1.7 Comparisons to Other Exempt Organizations 17

Chapter Two Tax Exemption for Business Leagues and Similar Organizations 19

§2.1 Concept of Tax Exemption 20

§2.2 Recognition of Tax Exemption 20

§2.3 Appropriate Exemption Category 21

§2.4 Business Leagues in General 23

§2.5 Legislative and Regulatory History 29

§2.6 Definition of Business 31

§2.7 Line-of-Business Requirement 32

§2.8 Membership Services 36

§2.9 Professional Organizations 37