Serious congenital malformations are a major contributor to the infant death rate worldwide. Their nonhereditary causes are multiple and complex, and include infectious and metabolic dangers, disease medication, nutritional inadequacy, medicinal products, environmental agents and pollutants, among them. The cause of many however is still unknown.
The wide range of these causes makes the defects of interest to those of a wide range of medical and investigatory backgrounds, especialy clinicians, fundamental scientists, and environmentalists.
Serious congenital malformations are a major contributor to infant death rate worldwide. The cause of many however is still unknown. The wide range of these causes makes the defects of interest to those in a wide range of medical and investigatory backgrounds.
Serious congenital malformations are a major contributor to the infant death rate worldwide. Their nonhereditary causes are multiple and complex, and include infectious and metabolic dangers, disease medication, nutritional inadequacy, medicinal products, environmental agents and pollutants, among them. The cause of many however is still unknown.
The wide range of these causes makes the defects of interest to those of a wide range of medical and investigatory backgrounds, especialy clinicians, fundamental scientists, and environmentalists.
INTRODUCTORY MATTERSDefinitionClassificationFrequencyPIONEERING STUDIESX-irradiationRubellaOther infectious diseasesIntrauterine infection in animalsPIONEERING WORKSVitamin deficiencyHale and vitamin A deficiencyWarkany and riboflavin deficiencyEARLY EXPERIMENTSVitamin A and diaphragmatic herniaTrypan blueHypoxiaCortisone studies and by-productsVitamin antimetabolitesNEW CHALLENGESTHALIDOMIDETESTING FOR TERATOGENICITYTERATOLOGICAL DETOURSBendectinBlighted potatoesFemale sex hormonesDiethylstilbestrolSURVEILLANCE OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONSEPIDEMIOLOGY OF CONGENITAL MALFl³&