In his 1889 novella The Kreutzer Sonata Lev Tolstoy declared war on human sexuality. Having fathered thirteen children by his wife and at least two children by peasant women, the great Russian writer now has the arrogance to suggest that people should stop having children. Psychoanalysis of Tolstoy's diaries and other private materials reveals that Tolstoy's anti-sex position was grounded in a sadistic attitude towards women (including his wife Sonia) and a punishing, masochistic attitude towards himself. These feelings, in turn, were related to the trauma of maternal loss in Tolstoy's early childhood.Acknowledgements and Abbreviations Introduction The Arzamas Horror: A Sample of Tolstoy's Psychopathology Tolstoy and his Mother Tolstoy's Case for Sexual Abstinence Sexual Abstinence: The Hidden Agenda Tostoy's Problematical SelfDANIEL RANCOUR-LAFERRIERE is Professor of Russian at the University of California in Davis. He has authored many books on Russian Themes, including Out From Under Gogol's Overcoat (1982), The Mind of Stalin (1988), Tolstoy's Pierre Bezukhov (1993), and The Slave Soul of Russia (1995).